1. 形容词
1） 形容词作定语，一般放于被修饰的名词之前。如：Jenny is a nice girl.
He has a beautiful car.
2） 形容词修饰不定代词，应放于不定代词的后面作后置定语。如：
I have something important to tell you.There is nothing wrong with my watch.
2.形容词作表语。
形容词可以用在动词的后面作表语，系动词有be，grow，get，become，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn.等。如：
The days will get longer when spring comes. You all look fine.
形容词的位置在宾语之后。如：The news made everyone happy.
4.名词化的形容词。
形容词与冠词一起表示某一类人 或物，在句中作主语或宾语，起名词的作用。如：The young should be police to the old.
二，副词
1， 副词的构成（1）许多词既是形容词，又是副词，如hard ，high，early，well，fast等
（2）许多副词由形容词转化而来：方法是形容词词尾加ly，如：carefully，slowly，quickly等。注意：A，结尾y的，变y 为I再加-ly，如busy-busily，happy-happily.
B.以e 结尾的，大部分直接加-ly，如：wide- widely，brave-bravely有几个特殊的要去e后再加-y，如：true-truly，terrible- terriblely.
possible – possiblely
（3） 有些带ly 副词与其相应的形容词意义不一样。如：
hard困难的 near 附近的 late 迟的
hardly 几乎不 nearly 差不多 lately 近来的
2. 副词的分类：（1）时间副词now，usually，often sometimes，always
（2）地点副词here，there，out，outside
（3）方式副词hard，well，fast，slowly
（4）程度副词very，much，till，almost
（5）疑问副词how why，where，when
（6）连接副词whether，why ，when，how
三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词有三个等级：原级（即原形） 比较级：表示“较----”或“更―――一些”。最高级：表示“最―――”之意。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化：单音节和少数双音节词的构成变化如下：
1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词。
1） 加-er，如smart -smarter； calm -calmer。
2） 以e结尾的直接加-r，如large -larger； nice -nicer。
3） 只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，如thin -thinner； fat -fatter； big -bigger； hot -hotter。
4） 以辅音字母加y结尾，先将y改为i，再加-er。如easy -easier； early -earlier； funny -funnier。
2. 部分双音节和多音节形容词，由"more + 原级"构成。如serious —more serious； outgoing -more outgoing； athletic -more athletic。
3. 不规则形容词，要记住它们的比较级。good -better； well -better； bad -worse； ill -worse； many -more； much -more； little -less
不规则变化：
原级比较级最高级
Good/well
Bad/badly
Many/much
Little
Far
oldBetter
Worse
More
Less
Farther
Further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
Furthest
Oldest/eldest
形容词和副词的比较级的用法
级用法例句
比较级表示两者（人或事物）的比较。副词比较级的用法与形容词相似。在“比较级+than”的句中，当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。改为动词或助动词可以省掉。This cake is more delicious than that one ；Who runs faster than Jim（did） He works much harder that I （do）
最高级表示三者或三者的（人或事物）比较，其中一个在某一个或某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级的前面一般要加定冠词（副词可省掉the），后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。This picture is the most beautiful of the classroom；.Lin Tao jumped farthest in our class；Lucy sings （the）best of all.
注：形容词和副词的比较级前，有时可以用much，a little，even，a lot等词来修饰，表比较的程度。如：much better，a little taller.
同级比较：1，表示甲与乙相同用“as+形容词/副词原形+as”的句型。如：It is important as English.Tom runs as fast as Jack.
2.表示甲不及乙时用“not as （so）+ 形容词/副词原形+as”的句型，如：It is not as （so）warm today as yesterday.
He did not come as （so）early as WangLin.
几个特殊的比较级的句型：（1）比较级+比较级，表示“越来越――”如He is more and more interested in English.It is getting hotter and hotter.
（2）倍数表达：be + 倍数+形容词原形+as+被比对象；
This bag is four times as heavy as that one.be+倍数+比较级+than+被比对象。
The +比较级+主谓；the +比较级+主谓
连词
连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and， but， or， nor， so， therefore， yet， however， for， hence， as well as， both…and， not only…but also，
either…or， neither…nor， （and）then等等
并列连词引导两个并列的句子
and 与or
and 连接两并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
个并列的谓语 and 连接两个并列的动词不定式
both …and 两者都
She plays （both） the piano and the guitar
not only…but （also）， as well as不但…而且）
She plays not only the piano， but （also） the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories， but also he can even write some.
neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
or 意思为"否则"。
I must work hard， or I'll fail in the exam.
either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right
not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal， but （the bones） of a human being
although… yet…，但although不与 but连用
so与such辨析：such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词.
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a（n） + n.
so + adj. + a（n） + n. such + n. （pl.）
so + adj. + n. （pl.） such +n. （pl.）
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换
（三） 例题解析
1 I think Chinese is ___ than maths.
A. interesting B more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
2 - What does Lucy like better， singing or dancing?
- Singing. of course. She's known to ___ it.
A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for
3 The Huang He River is one of ___ in China.
A. The long river B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers D. the longer river
4 The girl was ___ afraid ___ she threw her bag away.
A. so， that B. too， to C. too， that D. enough， to
5 It was ___ yesterday than today.
A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest
6 Which subject do you like ___ ， English Chinese or maths?
A. best B. well C. better D. good
7 None of the students watched it ___ .
A. careful enough B. enough carefully
8 ___ she eats， ___ she'll be.
A. More…fat B. The more…fatter
C. More…the fatter D. The more…the fatter
9 I don't think English is ___ Chinese.
A. as important as B. not important as
C. not so important D. important as
10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ___ English.
A. are interested in B. are interesting in
C. are interested at D. are interesting to
11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel _ .A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly
12 What a ___ cough！ You seem ___ ill.
A. terrible， terribly B. terribly， terrible
C. terrible， terrible D. terribly， terribly
13 The two friends were ___ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much
14 Which is ___ ， Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?
A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest
15 You don't like the same colours and I don't like them， ___ .
A. too B. also C. either D. neither
16 Jim is ___ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ___ in the exams.
A. well， good B. good， well C. well， well D. good， good
17 You look ___ than before， why?
A. more thin B. more thinner
C. much more thin D. much thinner
18 Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ___ .
A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty
19 - Can you understand me?
- Sorry， I can ___ understand you.
A. hardly B. almost C. even D. ever
20 "___ do you write to your penfriend?"
"About twice a month."
A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long
21 Changjiang River is ___ river in China
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
22 I'll work ___ I can.
A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as
23 It is very ___ to listen to him.
A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest
24 Things are ___ worse than I thought.
A. more B. few C. very D. much
25 It is one o'clock， but her father hasn't come back ___ .
A. already B. still C. too D. yet
26 Comrade Chen is ___ older than I.
A. very B. more C. much D. quite
27 She did her homework ___ .
A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless
28 They can't answer the question in Japanese； we can't answer it， ___ .
A. also B. too C. either D. neither 29 - How are your parents?
- They are very ___ ， thank you.
A. good B. kind C. well D. happy
30 Peter runs ___ in our class.
A. the fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast
31 We were all ___ glad that we sang and danced.
A. such B. so C. very D. quite
32 Kate sings ___ Joan.
A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as
33 This egg smells ___ ， though it looks all right.
A. good B. well C. bad D badly
34 Wait a minute， I have ___ to tell you.
A. something interested B. something interesting
C. interesting something D. anything interesting
35 I shall visit you ___ next year.
A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times
36 My sister said she would try to speak ___ English every day.
A. a little B. a few C. litttle D. few
37 I have ___ friends here and I often visit them.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
38 Of all these books， do you think， which one is ___ ?
A. interesting B. much interesting
C. more interesting D. the most interesting
1[答案] B.
[析] 在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级。
2[答案] A.
[析] be good at为固定搭配，意为"擅长作某事"。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at， be bad at， be poor in， be week in， be fit for
3[答案] C.
[析] 在one of + 定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。
4[答案] A.
[析] so…that为"如此怎样以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思为"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是动词原形，而不是从句。
5[答案] C.
[析] 用than表达比较的句中应用比较级 。
6[答案] A.
[析] 在两者之间应用比较级，而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级。
C. carefully enough D. enough careful
7[答案] C.
[析] 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词，
应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。
8[答案] D.
[析] the+比较级表示"越来越……"本句应译为：她吃得越多，她就会越胖。
9[答案] A.
[析] think+宾语从句时，应采用否定主句的形式，如：中文讲，"我认为你不对"，英文应为："我不认为你对"。 I don't think you are right. 所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。
10[答案] A.
[析] 过去分词常用来修饰人，而现在分词常用来修饰物，如：an interesting book， 实际上过去分词含有被动之意，如：interested 其含意是"被……所吸引，感动"。而interesting 则为"使人感兴趣的"，如：an interesting man 一个有趣、风趣的人。
11[答案] B.
[析] alone意为"独自的，一个人的"，它只能作表语不能作定语。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意为"寂寞的，孤单的"，如：The old man felt lonely. 要体会两个词的区别，如：The old man lived alone， but he didn't feel lonely.
12[答案] A.
[析] terrible是形容词，而terribly是副词，第一个空是修饰名词的，所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词，这里terribly 是用来修饰ill的。
13[答案] A.
[析] 这里用的是so…that的固定搭配。
14[答案] B.
[析] 两者之间用比较级，三者或以上用最高级。
15[答案] C.
[析] 在否定句中也应用either， 而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。
16[答案] B.
[析] good为形容词，如：He is good. 他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词，如：
He is well为他身体不错，而作为其他意思时为副词，如：He speaks English well.
17[答案] D.
[析] 多音节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级，而thin的比较级为thinner。
18[答案] A.
[析] hungry-饿，angry-生气，tired-紧，疲劳，thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。
19[答案] A.
[析] hardly为一否定词，用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为"听不明白"，所以只能选 hardly。
20[答案] A.
[析] how often用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次，也就是提问发生的频率。how soon是问从现在起还有多久。
21[答案] D.
22[答案] D.
[析] hard可用作形容词和副词，如：The desk was made of hard wood 又如：It is raining hard。 而 hardly 是副词，其词义是"几乎不"，如：Hardly did I sleep last night. 我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。as…as即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但so…as则只能用于否定句中。
23[答案] B.
[析] interest作为名词有两个词义，①兴趣，②银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词 interesting是"使人感兴趣的"，而interested是"感兴趣的"如：He is interested in English.
24[答案] D. [析] 只有much可以修饰比较级。
25[答案] D.
[析] 完成时的否定句尾要用yet， 而already则用于肯定句。
26[答案] C.
[析] 只有much可以修饰比较级。可以修饰比较级的词还有much， far， even a little， by far等。
27[答案] A.
[析] 这里应填入副词，而careless是由care加less后辍得来的，less意为"没有"，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。
28[答案] C.
29[答案] C.
[析] 由问句得知其询问的是身体如何，所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。
30[答案] C.
[析] 副词的最高级前可以加定冠词，也可以不加定冠词。
31[答案] B.
[析] 在so与that之间只有形容词时不可用such。
32[答案] A. [析] 这里well为副词，意为"唱得好"。
33[答案] C.
[析] smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样的词，还有sound， feel， seem、become（变成）等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.
34[答案] B. [析] 修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后。
35[答案] B.
[析] sometimes 有时，sometime 某一时刻，some time 一段时间， some times 若干次
36[答案] A.
[析] little修饰不可数名词，而a little意为"一些，一点"。
37[答案] C. [析] a few意为"有些"，few后面要加可数名词复数。
38[答案] D. [析] Of all these books 是用来表示最高级的范围
