一. 动词的种类
动词是表示行为或状态的词， 按其词义和语法作用可以分为四类: 实义动词， 联系动词， 助动词和情态动词.
1.实义动词: 表示行为或状态，有完全的词义，能独立作谓语. 例如:
The students clean their classroom every.
He runs as fast as a young horse.
We have friends in the island country.
从是否能带宾语来看，行为动词分为及物动词 和不及物动词两种.
A. 及物动词: 后面要有宾语意义才完整的动词，叫及物动词. 例如:
Zhang Haidi sets us a good example.
She feeds the baby with cow’s milk.
B. 不及物动词: 本身意义完整，后面不需要带宾语的动词，叫不及物动词.例如:
When the children sang， the old mother listened.
What happened when he was out.
He fell sick， but recovered quickly.
英语里有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，例如:
When shall we begin our discussion? The discussion will begin at eight.
2.联系动词:
联系动词大都有词汇意义，但不完整，在句子中不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语. 英语连系动词有: be（是）， look（（看起来）， seem（似乎是）， smell（闻起来）， sound（听起来是）， feel（觉得）， turn（变成）； get（变得）， become（变成）， grow（逐渐变成）， 等等.
3. 助动词
助动词本身没有独立的意义，在句子中不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词， 表示时态、语态、人称、数和否定、疑问等语法特征。
助动词有：shall， will， do， be， have等。
4.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一行为或状态的态度，本身有一定的意义，但在句子中不能独立作谓语动词，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。其肯定、否定、疑问
的结构是：
肯定式：情态动词 + 动词原形
否定式：情态动词 + not + 动词原形
疑问式：情态动词+主语+动词原形
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词与not的缩写形式是：
can not = can’t could not = couldn’t may not =mayn’t
might not = mightn’t must not = mustn’t shall not = shan’t
will not = won’t would not = wouldn’t should not = shouldn’t
A ， can 和could的用法
Could是can的过去式， 但有时却不表示过去的意思，看说话时的情况和上下文定。
（1）表示“能力”、“许可”、“可能性”。
I can ride a bike. You can go now. Can this be true?
He said I could use this boat.
（2）Could可以用来委婉客气地提出请求或问题，这时它不表示过去，而表示目前的情况。
Could you lend me your thermos ?
Could you come over here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning?
（3）Can和 be able to都可以表示“能力”，can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的时态形式。
I can （ could） finish the work. I am （ was， shall be）able to finish the work.
I have not been able to finish the work.
B，May和might用法
Might是may过去式，但有时表示过去，有时却无过去之意。
（1） May， might表示自己允许或请求对方许可，有“可以”“可能”之意其否定式用may not， 也可用must not，但must not表示“禁止” 语气更强硬。
You may go to the show now. He said that I might have one day’s rest.
--- May I watch TV after supper?
--- Yes， you may. \ No， you may not （mustn’t） .
（2） 表示可能性，意为“或许” “可能”。和+动词原形都表示现在或将来的可能性，但用语气更加不肯定。
You may be right. He may be free tonight.
The rich American might find it uncomfortable to have too much money.
C，Must和have to用法
（1） Must 表示“必须”，有命令的口气，很强硬。否定式表示“不应该” “不许可”
Everybody must obey the rules. All of us must take good care of our parents.
You must not speak like that to one who loves you.
He must not dirty his dress.
（2） Must也可表示推测（一定， 必定）但只用在肯定句中。
This must be a present for you.
（3）Must与have to 很相近，但含义并不完全相同。must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to却强调客观需要。Have to比must有较多的时态形式。Must前不能情态动词或助动词，但have to前还可以有助动词，如will have to
You must finish the work on time. You have to finish the work on time.
I shall have to catch the earliest train tomorrow.
D. Need作为助动词表示“需要”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，用于否定句或疑问句。用于肯定句是行为动词，后跟动词不定式、名词、代词、动名词或复合宾语。作名词时，意为“某种需要（加a）” “必须品（用复数）”。
情态动词的提问与否定回答：
Can…..? No， …can’t. May….? No， …mustn’t. Must…? No，…needn’t.
二、动词的基本形式
动词的基本形式有五种，即1动词原形，2第三人称单数一般现在时形式，
3过去式，4过去分词，5现在分词 （ 自己去背诵各种形式的构成方法。）
三、动词的时态：
动词因为要表示行为发生在不同时间而有不同的形态，这叫“动词的时态”。
英语共有16种时态，最常见的有5种，即：（1）一般现在时；（2）一般过去时；（3）一般将来时，（4）现在进行时；（5）现在完成时。我们要从概念， 构成法，各种句型变法和用法这些方面来掌握每一种时态.现将主要时态归纳如下:
I.一般现在时
A.基本概念：一般现在时表示现在的行为或状态。
B.构成法：
（1） 动词be的一般现在时有三种形式，随主语的人称和数而变化：
第一人称单数用am； 第三人称单数用is； 其余人称（即第一人称复数；第二人称单、复数；第三人称复数）用are.
一般疑问句的变法是: 将句中的am， 或 is， 或 are提到句首。通常第一人称
要变为第二人称。
否定句的变法是:在句中的am， 或 is， 或 are后加not，
并注意缩写。is not = isn’t are not = aren’t
（2）There be结构: be的形式应跟它后面的名词一致。既单数is，用复数用are
如有多个名词，跟第一个一致。
一般疑问句的变法是: 将is， 或 are提到句首。
否定句的变法是：在is， 或 are后加not，并注意缩写。
（3）动词have的一般现在时有两种形式，只有第三人称单数用has； 其余人称都用have.
一般疑问句的变法是: 如句中动词为have，则在句首加Do，如句中动词为has； 在句首加Does， 然后将句中动词has变为have.
否定句的变法是：如句中动词为have，则将have变为don’t have； 如句中动词为has； 则将has变为 doesn’t have
（3） 实义动词的一般现在时，除第三人称单数要在动词后面加-s或-es外，其余人称用动词原形。
当主语为第三人称单数时动词用第三人称单数；动词的第三人称单数的构成：
1. 一般在动词之后加s，eg:take-takes lend-lends
2. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾加es.eg:catch-catches fish-fishes
3. 以辅音加y结尾变y为i加es，eg:carry-carries
4. 几个特殊的动词的第三人称单数：be-is have – has go – goes do - does
一般疑问句的变法是：1.添加法：如句中为实意动词动词用动词原形，则在句首加Do；如果动词为第三人称单数，在句首加Does，然后将动词的-s或-es形式变为原形。
2.直接法：句中有be 或情态动词，一般疑问句直接将 be或情态动词提前；否定句在后面加not.
否定句的变法是：如句中动词为原形，变为don’t +原形；如句中动词为加-s或-es形式应变为doesn’t +原形。句中有be 或情态动词，一般疑问句直接将 be或情态动词之后加not.
C. 用法
（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often， always， everyday， sometimes， usually， every day\ week…等时间状语一起使用。e.g
I get up early every morning. He usually goes to work by bus.
（2）表示主语的性格特征或现在的状态。e.g
She likes swimming， butt her brother prefers mountain-climbing.
My father doesn’t smoke because he thinks it harmful.
（3）表示客观事实或普遍真理。
The sun rises in the east. Light travels faster than sound.
（4） 一般现在时可以表示一个预先计划好或安排好的将来的行为，但这只限于某些表示开始或移动等意义的动词，如 start， begin， come， go， leave.
The train starts st ten o’clock. The new term begins on September 1.
（ 5） 引用书刊或作者的话时，常用一般现在时。
Marx says: “ A foreign language ia a weapon in the struggle of life.”
马克思说：“外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。”
II. 一般过去时
A.基本概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的行为或存在的状态。
B.构成法：
1）动词be的一般过去时有两种形式：第一人称单数或第三人称单数用was，其余人称用were.
一般疑问句变法是: 将句中was， 或 were 提到句首。通常第一人称要变为第二人称。
否定句的变法是:在句中的was， 或 were后加not.
并注意缩写。was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
（2）There be结构: be的形式应跟它后面的名词一致。既单数was，用复数用were 如有多个名词，跟第一个一致。
一般疑问句的变法是: 将was， 或 were提到句首。
否定句的变法是：在was， 或 were后加not，并注意缩写。
（3）动词have的一般过去时只有一种形式had，没有人称和数的变化。
一般疑问句的变法是: 在句首加 Did， 把had变为 have.
否定句的变法是： 把 had变为 didn’t have
（4） 实义动词的一般过去时 :动词一律用过去式没有人称和数的变化。一般过去式的规则变化的构成：
1， 一般动词后加ed； eg:play-played
2， 以结尾e加d eg:like-liked
3， 以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加ed. carry-carried
4， 重读闭音节结尾双写末尾辅音字母加ed .eg: stop-stopped
一般疑问句的变法是：句首加 Did ，原过去式形式变为原形。
否定句的变法是：把句中动词的过去式形式变为 didn’t +动词原形
C. 用法
（1）表示过去某个时间内的行为或状态，可与 yesterday， before， last month\year\week…， two years ago，in 1861等时间状语连用。
We began to learn to sing Japanese song last year.
You wrote a letter to your friend last month， didn’t you ?
（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的行为，可与every day， often， usually， sometimes等连用。
When we were at college， we often did lab work together.
While I stayed on Hainnan Island， I watched for the sea birds coming almost every day.
（3）表示过去经常发生而现在已停止的行为，也可以用 used to+动词原形来表示。
We used to get up at five to wait for the sunrise.
There used to be many trees on this hill， but the villagers have cut them down. What a pity！
III.一般将来时
A.基本概念：一般将来时表示将来的要发生的行为或状态，与将来的时间状语连用。时间状语（tomorrow，next week，in the future，the day after tomorrow；soon；in a week）
B.构成法：
1.shall \ will + 动词原形；2.be（am/is/are）+going to 动词原形
这里shall 和will是助动词，按英国英语习惯，一般是第一人称用shall 第二、三人称用will。按美国英语习惯则不管人称，一律用will。
一般疑问句的变法是：将shall 或will提到句首。否定句的变法是：在shall 或will后加 not. 缩写 shall not = shan’t will not = won’t
C.用法
表示在将来某个时间内的行为或状态， 常与表示将来时间的状语一起使用，但有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指将来的行为或状态。
你什么时间能给我们答复。 When will you be able to give us an answer?
我今晚没空。 I shan’t be free this evening. I will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
除一般将来时外，表示将要发生的行为或状态还有三种其他方式：
1. be going to+ 动词原形 ：
2.一般现在时也可表示将来的行为。（一般现在时用法 4）
3.现在进行时也可表示将来的行为。但这只限于某些表示移动意义的动词， 如： go ， come， leave， arrive， start， stay， begin， do
He is leaving tomorrow.
IV. 现在进行时
A、 基本概念：现在进行时主要表示目前或现阶段组织进行的行为或正在发生的情况。
B、构成法：
am （ is ， are ） + 现在分词
这里 am ， is ， are 是助动词，要根据主语的人称来选.
现在分词的构成：1.一般动词之后加ing. Do-doing
1. 以e结尾去掉e加ing take-taking
2. 以重读闭音节结尾双写加ing put -putting
C、用法
（1） 现在进行时表示说话人说话时正在进行的行为，有时与 at this time of ---，listen，look，now等时间状语一起连用。
He is reading a paper on computer. His temperature is going down.
表示现阶段正在进行的行为，常与表示一段时间的状语一起连用。 如：
We are discussing a maths problem this week.
Smoking is polluting our air.
（3）现在进行时有时表示按计划或安排要进行的行为，但这只限于某些表示移动意义的动词， 如： go ， come， leave， arrive， start， stay， begin， do
He is leaving tomorrow.
He is coming to see you the day after tomorrow.
I am leaving for Hongkong on Sunday. Are you going anywhere next week ?
V. 现在完成时
A.基本概念：
a. 现在完成时表示过去已完成的行为或终止的状态， 它暗示对现在已有一定的影响或结果.
b. 表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态，往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
c. has/have been to 去了某地已经回来。Have/has gone to 去了某地还没回来。
d.英语中某些动词的动作是非延续性的，这些动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用。这类动词有：join（be member of），buy（have），go/come（be ），leave（be away），borrow/lend（keep）等，需用括号的词替换。
have （ has ） + 过去分词
B.构成法：
这里have （第三人称单数用has） 是助动词， 否定句的变法是在Have （ has ）后+not 缩写为： have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t
疑问的变法是将have （ has ）提到句首.
动词的过去分词的构成：
1.一般动词后加ed； eg: play-played
2.以结尾e加d eg: like-liked
3.以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加ed. carry-carried
4.重读闭音节结尾双写末尾辅音字母加ed .eg: stop-stopped
不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。不规则动词表.
C. 用法
（1） 表示过去开始的行为正在已经完成或刚好完成，着重正在已有的结果.与：already，yet，never，just连用例如：
He has swum acroos the river. 他已游过了河.（因此他在河那边.）
I have left my key in the room.
我把钥匙留在房间里了.（现在没有钥匙，开不了门）
（2）表示在过去开始的行为一直延续到正在的情况， 常与 since+时间点或+一般过去时的时间状语从句， for引导的时间状语连用.
I have lived here for ten years. He has been here since Monday
*英语中有些动词表示的动作，是非延续性的， 如
begin， come， go， start， become ， join， get up ， hear ， see ， return ， die ， leave …等， 只表示一个短暂的动作， 不能和表示一段时间的状语 “” 连用，需要用表示延续的状态. 例如: a.他去北京已经三个月了.
（ F ） He has gone to Beijing for three months.
（ T ） He has been to Beijing for three months.
b.他入团半年了.
（ F ） He has joined the League for half a year.
（ T ） He has been a League member for half a year.
或者用下面的句型表示，
It is +…段时间…. since + 从句…..
段时间 have\ has passed since + 从句
a.他去北京已经三个月了.
It is three months since he went to Beijing.
Three months have \ has passed since he went to Beijing.
b.他入团半年了.
It is half a year since he joined the League.
Half a year has passed since he joined the League.
（3）现在完成时还可以用在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来才完成的动作。
I’ll go to the film as soon as I have done my homework.
做完功课我就去看电影。
We’ ll start if the train has come at five
如果火车五点钟来了，我们就动身。
D.现在完成时的时间状语问题
（1）现在完成时着重说明的时由过去到正在的情况，因此不能与表示特定过去时间的状语， 如 yesterday， last month， last year， two days ago，
in 1980等连用.这些时间状语只能和一般去时动词连用. 但是，现在完成时常和表示不定的时间状语连用， 如 already， always， ever， never， just ， before， yet
他们已经来到了半山腰. They has already been halfway up the hill.
我从来没有听说过有人四周内写出一本书
I have never herad of anyone turning out a book in four weeks.
（2） 现在完成时可以和包括 “现在” 的时间状语连用， 如 today ， this morning ， this year ， this month等.
他今天早上来了两次. He has come twice this morning.
今年我们种了一万株树. We have planted 10，000 young trees.
E. have been to ； have been in ； have gone to 的区别
have been to: （后跟地点名词） 曾经去过某地
have been in: （后跟地点名词） 已经来到了某地
have gone to: （后跟地点名词） 已经走某地去了
注意：1动词一般有五种形式：
动词原形；动词第三人称单数；现在分词；过去式；过去分词。
Go goes going went gone
2. 动词的正确形式填空的方法：先找有关的时间状语；再找时态；用找出时态的动词形式填空。
专题五 动词的一般现在时、过去时、进行时
动词的一般现在时
一、选择正确的词或词组完成句子。
1. Tom ________ （like / likes） playing basketball very much.
2. I ________ （didn’t / don’t） like talking with Jim.
3. ________ （Playing / Play） computer games is my favorite.
4. Nobody can ________ （live / lives / living） without water.
5. ________ （Do / Does） anybody know this word?
6. There is little water in the bottle， ________ （isn’t there / is there）?
7. — ________ （How long / How often） do you go to the Summer Palace?
— About twice a month.
8. ________ （Come / Coming） to my birthday party， will you?
9. Don’t ________ （be / do / ×） nervous.
10. ________ （What a / What） bad weather！
二、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. Is your cousin speak French?
2. Does Wang Xiaoming likes going shopping?
3. He like plays football after class.
4. Mr Wang teachs us Chinese this term.
5. Mike don’t play computer games on school nights.
6. Let’s go and ask Daniel. He are very clever.
7. Please not come too early. Let’s make the time later.
8. My uncle always invited me and my brother to dinner on Sundays.
9. My foreign teacher can speaks a little Chinese.
10. Mother has bought a lot of yogurt for you and me. They are in the fridge.
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. My best friend Li Ming often ________ （have） dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy ________ （be） both in Class Three.
3. My father always _______ （come） back from work very late.
4. Our teacher is very busy. He only ______ （sleep） six hours a day.
5. They ________ （not watch） TV on schooldays.
6. Nick’s grandfather __________ （not go） to the park on Sundays.
7. ________ he ________ （like） the World Cup?
8. What ________ you often _________ （do） on weekends?
9. ________ your parents _________ （read） newspapers every day?
10. The young lady ________ （teach） us English on Saturdays.
四、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
A happy family
I ________ （have） a happy family. I enjoy myself in my family.
Our family is peaceful. We always ________ （have） family meetings to discuss about the problems I have met. Sometimes we have different ideas to share. Everyone can ________ （show） their proposals and then my parents and I will get an idea which all the people agree. And the problem ________ （be） solved. I like the way to figure out the problem. So ________ （do） my parents.
We ________ （work） very hard on weekdays， but on weekends there ________ （be） spare time for me and the members of my family. I often ________ （play） computer games on Friday evening for one hour， and on Saturday evening for half an hour. My mother ________ （read） the magazines about clothes at the same time. My father will ________ （watch） TV to relax himself just because on weekdays he only________ （sleep） 6 hours！ Generally speaking， everyone in my family ________ （be） happy.
When a long vacation ________ （come）， especially summer vacation or winter vacation， we’ll travel to other places. We usually ________ （go） to domestic cities， but sometimes we also ________ （visit） famous cities in other countries， such as Tokyo. We always ________ （have） a good time there.
Such is my happy family. I love my family.
五、中考真题。
1. I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it ________， I will not go fishing.
A. rains， will rain B. will rain， rains
C. will rain， rain D. rains， rains
2. Please don’t leave until your teacher _______ back.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
3. We’ll go to the farm and help the farmers with the apple-picking if it _______ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain B. will be rainy C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t raining
4. Every year many foreigners _______ to China to learn Chinese.
A. have come B. comes C. came D. come
5. — What’s your name?
— My name _______ Jim Green.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
6. — Is your father a doctor?
— Yes， he is. He _______ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
7. Usually， Betty _______ in colourful T-shirts in summer.
A. wears B. is dressed C. is wearing D. dresses
8. We all know that two and one is three. Here “is” means “_______”.
A. = B. % C. < D. >
9. — I’m sorry to hear that Bill failed the exam again.
— Don’t worry about him. I’m sure that he will never give up until he ______.
A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded D. will succeed
10. — I wonder if your wife will go to the party.
— If your wife _______， so______.
A. does， does she B. will， will mine
C. does， will mine D. will， will I
11. His sister _______ kind to her neighbors.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
12. — Sorry， Jim isn’t in right now.
— Can you tell him to ring me up if you _______ him?
A. see B. will see C. saw D. are seeing
13. — I’m sorry that John is out.
— Please ask him to call me as soon as he ______.
A. returned B. returns C. will return D. return
14. I’ll do it better if the teacher _______ me another chance.
A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give
动词的一般过去时
六、写出下列动词的过去式。
come ________ go ________ run ________ become ________
see __________ have ______ give _______ take ___________
speak ________ tell ________ say ________ spend ________
get __________ make ________ fall ________ feel ________
put __________ work ________ choose ________ know ________
hear _________ meet ________ pay _______ swim ________
begin ________ break ________ build ________ buy ________
find _________ keep ________ carry ________ study ________
hold _________ hide ________ repair _______ stand ________
teach ________ fly ________ wear ________ rise ________
write ________ beat ________ win ________ play ________
raise ________ bring ________ think ________ start ________
be ________ stop ________ practice ________ visit ________
will ________ stay ________ hurt ________ forget ________
use ________ watch ________ hit ________ cut ________
七、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. It ________ （be ） Saturday when we met last week.
2. Where ________ you ________（find） my dictionary?
3. We stayed in Beijing for five days and then we ________ （go） to visit Shanghai.
4. He always ________ （ask） me some questions when he met me.
5. When he was in primary school， he ________ （be） often late for school.
八、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. How is your trip to Tianjin yesterday?
2. Everyone were excited to hear the surprising news.
3. I didn’t saw Mary and her brother at school yesterday.
4. Was you surprised to hear the news?
5. When I was a little girl， I can ride a bicycle.
九、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
An unforgettable day
Looking back at my junior middle school life， I find a day really unforgettable. It ________ （seem） to be a Monday after a big test. I ________ （sit） by the window， thinking of my poor grade two weeks ago and wondering whether I could do better this time. Then， our teacher ________ （walk） into our classroom in silence with our test papers. A few seconds later， I ________ （can） hardly believe my ears when the teacher _______ （say） I got the highest score in the exam and ________ （take） the first place， I ________ （feel） that I was so proud of myself. I’ll never _______ （forget） such a moment.
十、中考真题。
1. — When ________ you ________ your old friend?
— The day before yesterday.
A. will， visit B. did， visit C. have， visited D. are， visit
2. — Excuse me， please look at the sign “No smoking”.
— Sorry， I _______.
A. don’t notice it B. am not noticed
C. didn’t notice it D. wasn’t noticed
3. Everyone except Bill and Jim _______ there when the meeting began.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
4. I ________ in this small mountain village when I was a child.
A. use to live B. used to living C. used to live D. used to life
5. — How was your weekend?
— Great！ We _______ a picnic by the lake.
A. have B. are having C. had D. will have
6. — Haven’t I told you I like coffee without sugar?
— Sorry， but I only ________ a little.
A. am putting B. put C. will put D. was putting
7. The bus _______ suddenly when a group of students ran onto the road.
A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. is stopping
8. My uncle used _______ a very good football player， but this was a long time ago.
A. to being B. being C. be D. to be
9. Oh， this is really a big shop. Do you know when it ________?
A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built
10. — When _______ you _______ the bike?
— Last month.
A. have， bought B. had， bought C. do， buy D. did， buy
11. — May I _______ your dictionary?
— Sorry， I _______ it at home.
A. borrow， forgot B. borrow， left C. lend， forgot D. lend， left
12. What do you think _______ her _______?
A. make， sad B. makes， sadly C. made， sad D. made， sadly
13. — What did you do on May Day?
— I went shopping with my family. There ________ so many people in the street.
A. was B. are C. were D. is
14. — Have you mended your shoes， Bob?
— Yes， I _______ them twenty minutes ago.
A. have mended B. mend C. had mended D. mended
15. — I’m sorry you have missed the bus. It _______ five minutes ago.
— What a pity！
A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves
16. She _______ the TV play yesterday.
A. watches B. watched C. has watched D. will watch
17. He _______ the film yesterday.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. will see
18. — When _______ your brother _______ back?
— About half an hour ago.
A. did， come B. had， come C. do， come D. have， come
19. — Inventors have changed the way we live.
— So they are famous for the great things they _______.
A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done
20. Grandma ______ us stories when we were very young.
A. used to tell B. is used to tell
C. was used to tell D. used to telling
动词的进行时
十一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. The little boy __________________ （draw） a picture in his room now.
2. Listen！ Some girls _______________ （sing） an English song in the classroom.
3. — What ________ your mother________ now?
— She _______________ （cook） some nice food now.
4. — ______ Helen _______ （wash） clothes?
— Yes， she is.
5. — What ________ he ____________ （repair）?
— He _______________ his Mp4 player.
6. — What _____ you ______ （do） now?
— I _______________ （read） a story on the sofa.
7. Look！ The boys _______________ （ run） on the playground.
8. Some of the girls are ____________ （water） the flowers now.
9. Look！ The girls ________________ （practice） dancing in the classroom.
10. — What is our granddaughter doing?
— She _____________ （listen ） to music with her classmates upstairs.
十二、对下列句子的画线部分进行提问。
1. The boy and his friends are playing basketball on the playground.
___________________________________________________________________
2. My classmates are playing basketball on the playground.
___________________________________________________________________
3. The children are playing games in the garden.
___________________________________________________________________
4. They were playing computer games at eight o’clock last night.
___________________________________________________________________
5. I was reading a novel at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
___________________________________________________________________
十三、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. Some people swimming in the lake over there.
2. They are play table tennis now.
3. Listen！ My sister playing the guitar in her room.
4. He is going to go the park with his mom.
5. Are you listen to your teacher?
十四、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
Dear Cathy，
It’s fine today. The children ________ （play） in the park. Look！ Some girls ________ （play） games. Helen ________ （climb） up a tree. A girl ________ （stand） behind a house. Lucy ________ （look for） her. There is a boy over there. What’s he doing? He ________ （fly） a kite. They are all ________ （have） a good time.
十五、中考真题。
1. — I called you yesterday evening， but there was no answer.
— Oh， I am sorry I _______ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
2. — Where is Frank now?
— He _______ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
3. — Is this your coat， sir?
— No. Mine ________ over there near the window.
A. hangs B. is hanging C. hang D. has huang
4. Nobody noticed what the young man _______ at the moment.
A. will do B. was doing C. has done D. had done
5. — Can your brother make model airplanes?
— Yes， this week he _______ a new one.
A. builds B. is built C. had built D. is building
6. — Did you see the traffic yesterday?
— Yes. It happened when I ________ past the museum.
A. walk B. am walking C. will walk D. was walking
7. The summer vacation will begin next week. David ________ to stay with us.
A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming
8. — Are you a baby-sitter here?
— No. I _______ after the baby instead of Ms Green. She is away for shopping.
A. look B. am looking C. have looked D. looked
9. I ________ on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.
A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. am drawing
10. — What’s your brother doing in his room now?
— He ________ a kite.
A. makes B. made C. is making D. will make
参考答案
动词的一般现在时
一、选择正确的词或词组完成句子。
1. likes 2. don’t 3. Playing 4. live 5. Does 6. is there 7. How often 8. Come 9. be 10. What
二、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. Is → Does 2. likes → like
3. like plays → likes playing 4. teachs → teaches
5. don’t → doesn’t 6. are → is
7. not → don’t 8. invited → invites
9. speaks → speak 10. They are → It is
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. has 2. are 3. comes 4. sleeps 5. don’t watch
6. doesn’t go 7. Does， like 8. do， do 9. Do， read 10. teaches
四、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
have， have， show， is， do， work， is， play， reads， watch， sleeps， is， comes， go， visit， have
五、中考真题。
1—5 BCCDC 6—10 CBABC 11—14 CABB
动词的一般过去时
六、写出下列动词的过去式。
came， went， ran， became， saw， had， gave， took， spoke， told， said， spent， got， made， fell， felt， put， worked， chose， knew， heard， met， paid， swam， began， broke， built， bought， found， kept， carried， studied， held， hid， repaired， stood， taught， flew， wore， rose， wrote， beat， won， played， raised， brought， thought， started， was / were， stopped， practiced， visited， would， stayed， hurt， forgot， used， watched， hit， cut
七、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. was 2. did， find 3. went 4. asked 5. was
八、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. is → was 2. were → was 3. saw → see
4. Was → Were 5. can→ could
九、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
seemed， sat， walked， could， said， took， felt， forget
十、中考真题
1—5 BCACC 6—10 BBDBD 11—15 BCCDC 16—20 BBABA
动词的进行时
十一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. is drawing 2. are singing 3. is， doing， is cooking 4. Is， washing 5. is， repairing， is repairing 6. are， doing， am reading 7. are running
8. watering 9. are practicing 10. is listening
十二、对下列句子的画线部分进行提问。
1. Who are playing basketball on the playground?
2. Where are your classmates playing basketball?
3. Where are the children playing games?
4. What were they doing at eight o’clock last night?
5. What were you reading at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
十三、改正下列句子中的一处错误。
1. swimming → are swimming 2. play → playing
3. playing → is playing 4. is going to go → is going to
5. listen → listening
十四、阅读短文，用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
are playing， are playing， is climbing， is standing， is looking for， is flying， having
十五、中考真题。
1—5 CCBBD 6—10 DDBCC
to + 动词原形
四. 动词不定式
A. 动词不定式的形式:
如 to work ， to study 等， 但在某些情况下 “ to ”可以省略. 这里 to 只是一个语法符号，没有词义， 动词原形带上它，就使动词变为非谓语动词形式，即在句子中不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化. 但是不定式仍保留动词的特点， 即有自己的宾语和状语. 动词不定式同它的宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语. 如， to study English， to work in the factory.
B、动词不定式的形式:
not + to + 动词原形
C、 动词不定式的用法：
a， 具有名词性质，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语句型有It +be+adj+（for sb）+to do。E.g :
To learn English is difficult.= It is difficult to learn English.
To see is to believe.
How old were you when you learned to drive ?
Would you like me to go now ?
b， 具有形容词性质，可以在句子中作定语。
I want some water to drink
c， 具有副词性质，可以在句子中作状语。
He stopped to have a rest. I’m glad to see you. It was too cold to swim
d. 作宾语：want，begin，start，like，forget，ask，learn，decide，wish等
e. 作宾语补语.
D、活动园地
1. 直接用不定式作宾语的及物动词通常表示“企图”“意愿”。这些及物动词有：want， wish， like， would like， love， would love to， hope， plan， decide， get， learn， try， need， agree， choose， begin， start， forget， remember， manage afford， aim， appear， agree， arrange， ask， be， decide， bother， care， choose， come， dare， demand， desire， determine， expect， elect， endeavor， hope， fail， happen， help， hesitate， learn， long， mean， manage， offer， ought， plan， prepare， pretend， promise， refuse， seem， tend， wait， wish， undertake
e.g. What do you want to buy? I don’t like to trouble others.
Remember to post the letter for me.
2. 带不定式作复合宾语中的宾语的动词通常是使役动词或表示“判断”的动词，主要有：think， make， feel
e.g. He feels it difficult to make what he wants.
Robrt doesn’t think it a good idea for Mary to be on a diet.
He has made it possible to grow rice in the north.
3.带不定式作宾语补足语的动词通常是感官动词，使役动词或表示“命令”
“忠告”等的动词， 主要有： let， make， feel， hear， see， watch， （以上动词后的不定式要省略 to）help（可带to，可不带to）， want， wish， like， ask， tell， teach， order
e.g. My parents don’t let me go to the movie. I felt the train move
Did you hear her say that she was tired? I didn’t see you come in.
4. 不定式作状语主要表示目的。
I opened the window to let some fresh air in.
5. too … to … 和enough… to …结构中的不定式表示结果。
You are too young to do the job.
The house is big enough for three of us to live in .
6. 疑问词 + 不定式 = 名词短语， 可以作主语、宾语或表语。
Sam is learning how to drive a car.
Where to turn the corner is a difficult problem.
7. how \ when \ where是疑问副词，不作宾语，what \ which \ whom是疑问代词，可以作宾语，whether不作句子成分。注意，没有why to do it的说法。
I don’t know what to do. I don’t know whether to go or to stay.
I don’t know how to do it. I don’t know whether to go or not.
8. 下列形容词后可带不定式：kind， nice， happy， glad， angry， sorry， sad， afraid， worried， surprised， excited， sure， ready， able， slow， fast， quick， easy， hard
You are clever to think of that. I was very surprised to hear the news.
You are sure to enjoy the music. Sally waas fast to answerthis question.
Jack is hard to get along with.
9. 主动语态为省去to的动词不定式，被动语态要把to加上.
* 只能用 V-ing 形式的动词有:
avoid， enjoy， mind， finish， practise， keep regret， can’t help， give up， spend， feel like
巩固练习：
1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to
2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
A. not to have B. not to take
C. didn’t take D. not to make
3. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut
C. to not shut D. not shut
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street， but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive
C. never driving D. never drive
6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risk going
9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes
10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke B. speaks C. speak
12. Though he had often made his little sister _______， today he was made ______by his littster.
A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying
C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry
13. He was made _________.
A. go B. gone C. going D. to go
14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind ____ to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose what D. to choose which
18. “ Have you decided when ________?”
“ Yes， tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave B. to be leaving
C. will you leave D. are you leaving
19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will
21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing
C. to not see D. having not seen
22. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh， I forgot _______.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with B. make friends of
C. make friends D. make friends with
27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to
C. so as to not D. not so as to
30. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking
31. He was too excited _________.
A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking
32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented 33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus， he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride； ride B. riding； ride
C. ride； to ride D. to ride； riding
35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to B. had better
C. would better D. would better to
36. The chair looks rather hard， but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on
37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating
38. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
A. except look B. but to look
C. except to look D. but looking
40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend B. spare C. save D. share
41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.
A. to be treated B. being treated
C. treated D. be treated
42. John， you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned B. to clean
C. cleaning D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired； learned B. tiring； learning C. to tire； to learn D. tired； to learn
45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes， but ______， we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it B. to find it
C. finding it D. by finding it
46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing
47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch B. to eat
C. to eat at D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked B. to have discussed
C. having been discussed D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken B. taking C. to take D. to have taken
50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.
A. read； watch B. to read； watch
C. reading； to watch D. to read； to watch
参考答案
答案：
1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 CADAB 16-20 BBAAA
21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA 31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB
41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDB
解析：
1.tell sb. not to do sth告诉某人不做某事
2.take sth for granted “把某事想当然”， 是一个固定词组。Eg. You shouldn’t take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。
4. 不定式的省略要保留到to，否则就完整地表达， 如:…but his mother told him not to do so.
5. warn sb not to do sth. 此处用never替代not.
8. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；risk doing sth冒险做某事
9. see sb do sth看见某人做某事
12. make sb do 让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。
16.which 用于有范围中的“哪一个”， 此处作buy的宾语。
18.when +to do 做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。
21. pretend to do 假装做某事。
22.forget to do sth忘记（要）做某事。
24.should love to be taken to …愿意被带去……
25.因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……
27. go on to do sth. 继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise断定。
28.stop to do sth. 停下来（去）做……
32.被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。
33. would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事。
34. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……不愿做……
37.to eat 此处作something 的定语。for+doing多表用途。
38. why not do sth…“为什么不……” ；try doing sth试一试
39.Do nothing but do sth， 此处用except替代but
40. spare sb. sth匀出、腾出……， 宾语为sb.； share分享，宾语为sth.
41. let sb do， 此处用的是被动语态
42. get sth. done让某事被做
44.tired此处是过去分词， 表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。
45.此处的to find it， 表示目的
47. to eat at the restaurant， 介词at不能丢
48. 此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1. 一般形式
Seeing is believing. 眼见为信。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
2. 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：
It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。
It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。
3. “There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It's impossible + 不定式”。如： There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
动词 -ing可用来作表语。如：
This food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
Their job is cleaning the window. 他们的工作是打扫窗子。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1. 动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
I warned her against driving fast. Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
2. 有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge， advise， appreciate， avoid， delay， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape， fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon， practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， understand等。
The doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多锻炼。
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用不同的方法做。
3. 大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：think of， give up， aim at， put off， insist on， persist in， be good at， do well in， can't help， keep on， leave off， feel like， be tired （afraid， capable， fond） of， set about等。
以下为to作介词的短语有：be used to， object to， devote oneself to， stick to， respond to， look forward to， see to， submit to， adapt to， apply to， accede to， get to， prefer to， adjust to， owe to， react to等。
Do you feel like having a drink? 你想喝点饮料吗?
I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。
4. 有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很大的差别。如：
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事
⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事
⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
⑻mean to do 打算/想做某事 mean doing 意味着/意思是做某事
