三个原则是：有恒，即持之以恒;有序，循序渐进;有量，要有一定数量的听力训练。
四个字：3、6、9。什么是3就是最好每次坚持进行至少30分钟的听力练习。6呢，一个星期，即进行至少6次的听力训练(其中五天内在校完成，一次在家完成)。9是一个层次的听力练习，至少要听够90篇以上的数量，如果条件许可，还可以在此基础上加大训练量。
有恒的道理，就不用说了。任何学问的取得，都离不开这个道理。没有恒心，想成就一番事业是不可能的。其实，我们国家很多学英语的人何其多也，但真正学成的，比例很有限，为什么呢除了学习方法、天份等因素外，主要是没有坚持下去。听力练习，作为英语学习的一个非常重要的环节，其道理也是一样的。
有序，是一种科学的方法。它适用于任何学科。只要科学地评判自己的水平，然后有针对性地制定适合自己的训练方法(而不是人云亦云)，循序渐进，逐步攻克，并一步一步向前攀登。
有量的原则非常重要。过去，人们对这个量的原则重视不够，或者强调不够。尽管人们都懂得量变引起质变这个哲学道理，但真正运用在语言学习上的人却不多。实际上这个道理非常浅显。但是越是浅显的道理，有时候越难让人置信。对于听力训练来说，量的原则尤其重要。很多人学英语，目标不可谓不明确、方法不可谓不得法、努力不可谓不努力，然而效果不明显。为什么其实，很多时候，只是训练的量不够的缘故。这就好象是体育运动，如果你的训练量到不到教练要求的话，很多情况下是不可能获得预期的训练效果的。量 的原则的具体体现，就是我们说的四个字。每次听力训练，坚持在30分钟以上。这主要是提供一次给耳朵和大脑接收有声语言输入的刺激过程，时间长度不够，刺激不充分，效果就不好。这其中的原理，有点像有氧运动。如果你不能每次坚持30分左右、心率在一定范围(因人而异)内的运动量训练，则效果一定大打折扣。所以，这个30分钟的量一定要坚持。可以是30分钟重复不停地听同一个内容，也可以听不同内容，长度相当于30分钟的材料，或者交错进行。那么一个星期进行多长时间的训练为好呢起码要进行6次以上的训练，每次30分钟。这个量的训练频率，加上最好以90篇素材内容为一个量的级别的高强度训练，可以逐步使自己在一个可控的范围内做到有目标和方向，又能循序渐进，即有序，加上可数的量的配合，最终达到一定程度的提高，并可以通过这种方法，逐步地、适时地进入到更高一级的层次。
扩展：现在分词和过去分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
【例如】
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems1 and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed2, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
【例如】
Notshavingsenough hands, we turned to them for help.(we dont have enough hands).
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation3. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A)shavingsbelieved B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995,6)
A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
2)while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。
【例如】
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work..
Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3)分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness4, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic5 partnership6 with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack7..
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. (CET-4 1998,1)
A)shavingsB) to have C) to have had D)shavingshad Town
后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。
4)分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
【例如】
On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
The little boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
I caught him dozing8 off in class.
过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。
【例如】
After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.You should keep her informed of what is going on here.The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
【例如】
I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
I saw Mr. White lookingsintosa shop window.
Do you hear someone knocking at the door
Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
5)分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
【例如】
The filmPearl Harboris really exciting. I am excited about it.
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response
