代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
代词
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称
形容词性 my your his/her its our your/their
物主代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词
如： I like his car.
我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here，and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。
常用代词的解析及用法：
形容词性的物主代词与名词性物主代词
形容词性的物主代词+名词性的物主代词= 名词性的的物主代词
A形容词性的物主代词起形容词的作用，在句中可作定语。如：
My classmate is his sister.
B：名词性的物主代词在句中起作主语，宾语和表语的作用。如：My mother is a worker，what about yours.
In the evening I do my homework and they do theirs.
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 如： That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。
如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。
如： They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
Some and any
Some 用于肯定句以及希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中；如：Would you like some cakes?
Will you please give me some bread?
any用于疑问句和否定句，用于肯定句中表“任何的” 如:Any student here can speak English.
共同点：在句中作主语宾语和定语；与可数名词和不可数名词连用。
Each and every:each 指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，且可以单独使用。
Every 对三个或三个以上的人或事物而言，侧重整体，且不可单独使用，只能修饰名词或代词。
There are many trees on each side of the street. Two girls entered，each was carrying a bag.
The teacher has told every student to come on time. Every boy has an English magazine.
Both and all :both 指两个人或物；all 用于三个或三个以上的人或物。共同点：位于系动词的后面，行为动词的前面。
We are all here. My parents are both teachers. They all went to the park yesterday.
Many，few，a few 与much，little ，a little.
表肯定 表否定
可数名词 many，a few few
不可数名词 much ，a little little
The other 表示“两个中的另一个（第二个）”通常与one连用（即one---，the other）复数形式为 the others.特指某一范围中的“其余的人或物”如：I have two sisters.One is in Grade One ，the other is Grade Three.There are many students playing on the playground，some are playing football，some playing basketball.Others are playing volleyball.
another 表示“三个或三个以上的另一个”其复数形式为others，泛指不定的人或物。如：I don’t like this one ，show me another one.
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语， 但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：
--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。
--- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。
七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。
如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived， John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them， at least， I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语
代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he， his， him代替。
Nobody came， did he? 谁也没来，是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he， she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
1） 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称
you -> he/she； it -> I
You， he and I should return on time.
2） 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称
we -> you -> They
注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时
物主代词有形容词性（my， your等）和名词性（mine， yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2） 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word， not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a， an， this， that， these， those， some， any， several， no， each， every， such， another， which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a， an， this， that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his
【实例解析】
1. （2004年北京市中考试题）
Mary， please show ________ your picture.
A. my B. mine C. I D. me
答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。
2. （2004年北京市中考试题）
---What’s on TV tonight? Is there _________ interesting?
---I’m afraid not.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。
3. （2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）
________ of them has his own opinion.
A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each
答案：D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every 不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。
4. （2004年安徽省中考试题）
---Where is my pen?
---Oh， sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.
A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers
答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1. Tom， Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes， I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer， a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________， thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh！ I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin， Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me， and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket， you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself， Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you； it B. you； he C. your； it D. your； that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A. our； them B. us； they C. our； theirs D. ours； theirs
二. 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ （ I ） is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______ （ we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful.
3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s?
---Yes， it is ______（she） . Beautiful， isn’t it?
4. Help ______ （you） to some fruit， Jack.
5. ---Who taught your brother to surf?
---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ （he）.
6. Their English teacher is from America， but ______ （we） is from England.
7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ （ I ）.
8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______（you）?
---Mine? Oh， two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ （he）?
10. Did you enjoy _______ （you）， Mary and Kate?
三. 用适当的代词填空
1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker， _______ is a teacher.
2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running； some like swimming； _______ like ball games.
3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.
4. We were all very tired， but _______ of us would like to have a rest.
5. ______ of the twins are in our class.
6. Boys， don’t touch the machines， or you may hurt _______.
7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.
8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.
9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.
10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?
---Because Britain， Germany and France are all very near ______ country.
四. 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空
1. ______ is the population of the world today?
2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?
3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress?
---It’s black.
4. ---______ is your car?
---The red one in front of the tree.
5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?
---I know， sir. It’s instruction.
6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful.
7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike?
8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor.
9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother.
10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful
【练习答案】
一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C
二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves
三. 1..the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it； her
四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that
